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The main impacts of the UoAs on key ecosystem elements (abiotic drivers such as oceanographic and climatic factors and biotic factors including impacts on food webs/predator-prey dynamics resulting from the removal of top predators (i.e. skipjack and yellowfin tuna) can be inferred from existing information. Additionally, some of the main impacts have been investigated in detail such as the structure and functioning of the pelagic ecosystems that support Pacific tuna fisheries and in some cases their responses to fishing and climate change.