Trap Net

Overview

This FIP includes coastal trap nets, beach seines, and anchored set gillnets operated by PCF Yuzhno-Kurilsky Ryibokombinat Co., Ltd. (YKRK Co., Ltd.). Currently, the fishery is only using coastal trap nets as primary gear that capture pink and chum salmon along the coast of Kunashir Island which is administratively a part of the Sakhalin Oblast of the Far Eastern Federal Region of the Russian Federation. For management purposes, the fishery is located in the South Kuril Fishery subzone. The company was founded in 1946, reorganized in 1999, and is now a dynamically developing enterprise that has gone far beyond the coastal processing in the village of Yuzhno-Kurilsk. It is one of the largest fishing enterprises in the Sakhalin region. The catch of the company’s multiple species reaches 42,000 metric tons annually. The company owns and operates a salmon hatchery located at the Lagoonnoye Lake which began releasing juvenile chum salmon in 2018. 

In 2021, ForSea Solutions completed an MSC pre-assessment for the Kunashir fishery operated by YKRK Co., Ltd., who is interested in pursuing MSC certification. The Units of Assessment include pink and chum salmon stocks with each species considered as separate scoring elements in Principal 1. 

Strengths of the fishery include the use of selective gear and low bycatch, management that meets most requirements including low IUU activity, and strong interest to control hatchery impacts. However, the assessment identified several weaknesses that the client-company wants to focus on in this FIP including reduced escapement monitoring, low escapement levels of pink salmon in recent years, lack of hatchery marking and monitoring, insufficient ETP monitoring, and lack of responsiveness to serious issues in the fishery.  

This FIP is designed to address these issues and others identified in the pre-assessment so that the fishery can achieve MSC certification by 2026. The client-fishery is launching a comprehensive FIP on Kunashir Island with the goal to achieve MSC Certification. Launching this FIP will potentially allow the fishery-client to access new markets in North America and Europe.

This FIP includes coastal trap nets, beach seines, and anchored set gillnets operated by PCF Yuzhno-Kurilsky Ryibokombinat Co., Ltd. (YKRK Co., Ltd.). Currently, the fishery is only using coastal trap nets as primary gear that capture pink and chum salmon along the coast of Kunashir Island which is administratively a part of the Sakhalin Oblast of the Far Eastern Federal Region of the Russian Federation. For management purposes, the fishery is located in the South Kuril Fishery subzone.

FIP at a Glance

View current status
August 01, 2021
14% 14% 71%
Progress Rating (A) Advanced Progress

Reserved for comprehensive FIPs that have achieved a Stage 4 or 5 result within the past 12 months.

(B) Good Progress

A basic FIP that has achieved a Stage 4 or 5 result within 12 months.

(C) Some Recent Progress
  • A FIP that has achieved a Stage 4 or 5 result in more than 12 (but less than 24) months AND has reported a Stage 3 activity within the past six months.
  • A FIP younger than 12 months that has never achieved a Stage 4 or 5 result but has reported a Stage 3 activity within the first 12 months.
(D) Some Past Progress
  • A FIP that has achieved a Stage 4 or 5 result in more than 12 (but less than 24) months BUT has not reported a Stage 3 activity within the past six months.
  • A FIP for which the most recent Stage 4 or 5 result is more than 24 (but less than 36) months old AND a Stage 3 activity has been reported within six months.
  • A FIP 12-36 months old that has never reported a Stage 4 or 5 result AND has reported a Stage 3 activity within the past six months.
(E) Negligible Progress
  • A FIP for which the most recent Stage 4 or 5 result is more than 24 (but less than 36) months old, with no Stage 3 activity reported in the last six months.
  • A FIP younger than 12 months with no Stage 3 activity reported within 12 months.
  • A FIP 12-36 months old that has never reported a Stage 4 or 5 result AND has not reported a Stage 3 activity within the past six months.

The ratings are currently derived by SFP from publicly available data on FIP websites, including FisheryProgress.org, and are determined using the following methodology: View PDF

C Some Recent Progress
Actions Complete

This pie chart represents completed environmental actions. Non-completed environmental actions may contain completed sub-tasks that are not illustrated here. For more information on environmental action progress visit the Actions Progress tab.

  • Complete
  • Incomplete
Next Update Due FisheryProgress requires a FIP to provide update reports every six months, and two missed reports will render the FIP inactive. If a report is overdue, this date will appear red.
Apr 2024
Target End Date
Dec 2026

FIP Leads

Organization Name 
ForSea Solutions LLC
Organization Type 
Consultant
Primary Contact 
Natasha Novikova
Phone 
19713319612
FIP Identification Number The FIP Identification Number is automatically generated by FisheryProgress when a FIP profile is created. While the number itself is not meaningful, they are used by NGOs, academia, and industry to refer to FIPs in a consistent way.
16192

Overview

The Spain crayfish (crawfish) FIP is implemented by the industry representatives ALFOCAN and SOUTH OCEAN. Both processing companies gather most of the annual volumes of the local crayfish industry. The FIP has been active since January 2021, but early improvement efforts were carried out as early as 2015.

The crayfish (crawfish) are caught by recreational fishermen/crayfish collectors. In Andalusia, most landings are directly bought from these fishermen, while in Extremadura the crayfish are sourced through authorized reception centers (who buy and collect the catches of the local fishermen/collectors).

Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) are unevenly distributed throughout Andalusia and Extremadura. The crayfish are caught by hand with fyke nets in marshes and rice fields of Andalusia and by boat using traps in lakes and rivers of Extremadura. 

Fishing for crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in Andalusia and Extremadura is regulated through the Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) Control Plan in the Guadalquivir Marshes (BOJA nº 152, 2016. https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/boja /2016/152/BOJA16-152-00218.pdf) and the Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and Signal Crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) Control Plan in Extremadura (DOE nº 220, 2016 http://doe.gobex.es/pdfs/doe/2016/2200o/16061720.pdf, modified by DOE nº 61, 2019. http://doe.gobex.es/pdfs/doe/2019/610o/19060641.pdf)

In Andalusia the crayfish fishery is located in the waters of the Guadalquivir river (which is the main area where this fishery is allowed), while fishing for crayfish in Extremadura is allowed in all continental waters of Extremadura (which includes waters of the Guadiana and the Tajo rivers, although catches in Tajo waters are rare). 

Name of the fishery: Crayfish fishery in Andalusia and Extremadura

Targeted species common name: Crayfish / Crawfish / Cangrejo rojo americano / Écrevisse

Targeted species scientific name: Procambarus clarkii

Targeted stock: Procambarus clarkii (stock boundaries undefined: either the Iberian Peninsula or the different regions where the fishery takes place).

The fishing method or gear type(s) and/or practice: Fyke nets in Andalusia and Crayfish traps in Extremadura.

The fishing fleet or group of vessels, or individuals fishing operators pursuing that stock: Recreational fishermen holders of administrative authorization to fish for crayfish in Andalusia or Extremadura and selling the catch to authorized storage/distribution or processing facilities.

Country: Spain

Continent: Europe

FAO major fishing areas: Freshwater fishery in continental waters of Spain. FAO zone 05.

The Spain crayfish (crawfish) FIP is implemented by the industry representatives ALFOCAN and SOUTH OCEAN. Both processing companies gather most of the annual volumes of the local crayfish industry. The FIP has been active since January 2021, but early improvement efforts were carried out as early as 2015.

FIP at a Glance

View current status
January 01, 2021
57% 29% 14%
Progress Rating (A) Advanced Progress

Reserved for comprehensive FIPs that have achieved a Stage 4 or 5 result within the past 12 months.

(B) Good Progress

A basic FIP that has achieved a Stage 4 or 5 result within 12 months.

(C) Some Recent Progress
  • A FIP that has achieved a Stage 4 or 5 result in more than 12 (but less than 24) months AND has reported a Stage 3 activity within the past six months.
  • A FIP younger than 12 months that has never achieved a Stage 4 or 5 result but has reported a Stage 3 activity within the first 12 months.
(D) Some Past Progress
  • A FIP that has achieved a Stage 4 or 5 result in more than 12 (but less than 24) months BUT has not reported a Stage 3 activity within the past six months.
  • A FIP for which the most recent Stage 4 or 5 result is more than 24 (but less than 36) months old AND a Stage 3 activity has been reported within six months.
  • A FIP 12-36 months old that has never reported a Stage 4 or 5 result AND has reported a Stage 3 activity within the past six months.
(E) Negligible Progress
  • A FIP for which the most recent Stage 4 or 5 result is more than 24 (but less than 36) months old, with no Stage 3 activity reported in the last six months.
  • A FIP younger than 12 months with no Stage 3 activity reported within 12 months.
  • A FIP 12-36 months old that has never reported a Stage 4 or 5 result AND has not reported a Stage 3 activity within the past six months.

The ratings are currently derived by SFP from publicly available data on FIP websites, including FisheryProgress.org, and are determined using the following methodology: View PDF

A Advanced Progress
Actions Complete

This pie chart represents completed environmental actions. Non-completed environmental actions may contain completed sub-tasks that are not illustrated here. For more information on environmental action progress visit the Actions Progress tab.

  • Complete
  • Incomplete
Next Update Due FisheryProgress requires a FIP to provide update reports every six months, and two missed reports will render the FIP inactive. If a report is overdue, this date will appear red.
Apr 2024
Target End Date
Dec 2025

FIP Leads

Organization Name 
ALFOCAN S.A.
Organization Type 
Industry
Primary Contact 
Gerardo Márquez Torres
FIP Identification Number The FIP Identification Number is automatically generated by FisheryProgress when a FIP profile is created. While the number itself is not meaningful, they are used by NGOs, academia, and industry to refer to FIPs in a consistent way.
14449

Overview

This FIP includes coastal trap nets (sea) and floating gill nets, fishing weirs (zaezdok) and beach seines (all in rivers), used to capture pink and chum salmon in the Amur River and adjacent parts of the Sea of Okhotsk (Amur Liman and Sakhalin Gulf) in the Nikolaevsk and Ulchi administrative Districts in (eastern) Russia’s Khabarovsk region. An MSC pre-assessment was completed for the fishery in 2018. The pre-assessment included four fishing companies who were interested in pursuing certification. Since completion of the pre-assessment in October 2018, two (Sakhalinskii Zaliv RK Ltd; and Amurskii Rybak) of the companies merged into the third, Amurskii Liman Ltd. One year later after another reorganization, Amurskii Liman became a new company, Shturman Ltd. As of the fall of 2019 the remaining companies, Ukhta-Prom Ltd and Shturman Ltd are now active FIP participants. These companies are not new (Ukhta-Prom Ltd since 2000 and Shturman Ltd (previously Amurkskii Liman) since 2011) to the region and have demonstrated a desire to sustain the fishing resources over the long-term to promote economic stability of the region by choosing sustainable fishing practices.

The Ukhta-Prom company is a member of the Association of Fish Industry Enterprises of the Khabarovsk Krai (region), contributing to the sustainable functioning and development of the fishery complex of the region. For several years the company has been participating in the project "Affordable Fish", helping to provide the residents of the region with fish products at affordable prices. Both companies support measures for the protection of aquatic biological resources and is in close cooperation with the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Khabarovsk Krai, the Federal Agency for Fisheries.

The only other salmon fishery, north of Nikolaevsk-na-Amure sought to achieve MSC certification in over a decade ago. In 2010, the Tugur River chum salmon fishery attempted to launch a FIP, however the project fell through due to lack of evident benefits to the fishing company and non-developed local engagement. Ukhta-Prom Ltd and Amurskii Liman are launching the first-ever comprehensive FIP on the Amur river and in wider Khabarovsk region with a goal to achieve MSC Certification. The companies currently sell their products in the Russian Federation, including the Khabarovsk Krai, Siberia, the Altai and Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Novosibirsk Region, Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as China, Japan, and South Korea. Launching this FIP will potentially allow the fishery-clients to access new markets in North America and Europe.

According to stakeholders interviewed, illegal fishing is wide-spread in the area of the assessed fishery. Absence of information about illegal fishing significantly contribute to the low P1 scores. The management system is working towards reducing the level of illegal fishing, but it does not have quantitative information about levels and patterns of illegal fishing. Absence of such information does not allow us to assess the effectiveness of the enforcement activities.

There are 5 chum hatcheries located in the District so there are impacts to wild salmon populations due to enhancement activities. To properly manage stocks, it is necessary to know contribution of enhanced fish in the catch, escapement and hatchery broodstocks, which is usually achieved via marking of the hatchery production and sampling for marks. This approach is standard practice in most salmon fisheries with significant hatchery production. However, these practices are absent in the Amur River basin, although some efforts towards this are already undertaken.

The pre-assessment identified a number of issues that would likely prevent the fishery from achieving MSC certification in the near future:

  • Inability of the management system to adequately assess stock status of pink salmon relative to the management targets.

  • While the situation for chum is a little better due to a more developed stock assessment program, there are also problems with available information, and there is a significant hatchery program in the Amur River Basin.

  • Illegal fishing activities are known to be a problem for this area but there are no reliable estimates of the magnitude of IUU fishing.

  • There is a relatively large number of ETP species that are known to inhabit the Amur River Basin and Amur Liman, but no information about them and their interaction with the fishery and its impact on local ETP species is available.

This FIP is designed to address these issues and others identified in the pre-assessment so that the fishery can achieve MSC certification by 2025.

This FIP includes coastal trap nets (sea) and floating gill nets, fishing weirs (zaezdok) and beach seines (all in rivers), used to capture pink and chum salmon in the Amur River and adjacent parts of the Sea of Okhotsk (Amur Liman and Sakhalin Gulf) in the Nikolaevsk and Ulchi administrative Districts in (eastern) Russia’s Khabarovsk region. An MSC pre-assessment was completed for the fishery in 2018. The pre-assessment included four fishing companies who were interested in pursuing certification.

FIP Leads

Organization Name 
ForSea Solutions LLC
Organization Type 
Consultant
Primary Contact 
Natalia Novikova
Phone 
+19713319612
FIP Identification Number The FIP Identification Number is automatically generated by FisheryProgress when a FIP profile is created. While the number itself is not meaningful, they are used by NGOs, academia, and industry to refer to FIPs in a consistent way.
10863

Overview

This FIP includes  coastal trap nets and in-river beach seines used to capture pink and chum salmon in the sea and rivers of Northern Sakhalin in Okhinskii District. An MSC pre-assessment was completed for the fishery in 2017. The pre-assessment included five fishing companies who were interested in pursuing certification. Since completion of the pre-assessment in 2017, four (Krasnya Zarya Ltd; NazRybZavod Ltd; Neptun Ltd; and Vostok Ltd.) of the companies merged into one (Rybnovskii Losos Ltd). The remaining companies, Okha Ltd and Rybnovskii Losos Ltd, are now active FIP participants. These companies are relatively new to the region but  have demonstrated a desire to sustain the fishing resources over the long-term to promote economic stability of the region by choosing sustainable fishing practices. Other Sakhalin Island salmon fisheries have sought to achieve MSC certification over the past decade. The Aniva Bay pink salmon fishery on Southern Sakhalin Island entered full MSC assessment in 2010 but withdrew in 2014 after several consecutive poor salmon returns to the region. The Northeast Sakhalin pink salmon fishery successfully achieved MSC certification in 2012, however the certification was suspended in 2015 due to financial reasons. Okha Ltd and Rybnovskii losos are launching the first-ever comprehensive FIP on Sakhalin with a goal to achieve MSC Certification. Launching this FIP will potentially allow the fishery-clients to access new markets in North America and Europe. 

The Okhinskii District in Northern Sakhalin is remote with few roads and relatively sparse populations. As a result, the habitat is largely intact. There are no hatcheries located in the District so impacts to wild salmon populations due to enhancement activities are minimal. Although illegal fishing activities are known to be a problem on Sakhalin Island, the low population density and poor road access likely limit poaching in Northern Sakhalin. However, measures are needed to further strengthen enforcement and compliance in the district.
 
The pre-assessment identified a number of issues that would likely prevent the fishery from achieving MSC certification in the near future:

  • Pink salmon populations have been declining in recent years as evidenced by decreasing fishery catches and spawning escapements well below management targets.
  • While chum salmon catches have remained relatively stable in recent years, spawning escapements have also been well below management targets.
  • Sakhalin taimen and Kaluga sturgeon are considered ETP species that are known to be in the area. These species likely interact with the fishery but information is lacking.

 
This FIP is designed to address these issues and others identified in the pre-assessment so that the fishery can achieve MSC certification by 2022.
 

This FIP includes  coastal trap nets and in-river beach seines used to capture pink and chum salmon in the sea and rivers of Northern Sakhalin in Okhinskii District. An MSC pre-assessment was completed for the fishery in 2017. The pre-assessment included five fishing companies who were interested in pursuing certification. Since completion of the pre-assessment in 2017, four (Krasnya Zarya Ltd; NazRybZavod Ltd; Neptun Ltd; and Vostok Ltd.) of the companies merged into one (Rybnovskii Losos Ltd). The remaining companies, Okha Ltd and Rybnovskii Losos Ltd, are now active FIP participants.

FIP Leads

Organization Name 
ForSea Solutions
Organization Type 
Consultant
Primary Contact 
Natalia Novikova
Phone 
+19713319612
FIP Identification Number The FIP Identification Number is automatically generated by FisheryProgress when a FIP profile is created. While the number itself is not meaningful, they are used by NGOs, academia, and industry to refer to FIPs in a consistent way.
7518

Overview

What is a Completed FIP?

Completed FIPs are those that have independent verification that they have achieved their environmental objectives and/or graduated to MSC full assessment or other program assessment. Completed FIPs no longer report on their environmental performance but may choose to voluntarily report on their social performance.

Date of Completion: Feb 2022

Explanation of Completion: The FIP changed its scope to remove sockeye salmon based on reassessment results. Coho salmon managed in the Kamchatka-Kuril subzone (Ozernaya, Yavinskaya, Koshegochek, Golygina, Opala and Pymta rivers) successfully achieved MSC certification in 2021.

Completion Link

The Vityaz-Avto and Delta West Kamchatka salmon fishery is located on the western coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia. The fishery area includes the northern portion of the Kamchatka-Kuril fishery subzone (05.4) and the southern portion of the Western Kamchatka subzone (05.2). This FIP, initiated in 2015 covered coastal trap nets and in-river beach seines harvest methods used by the fishers to catch coho and sockeye salmon returning to the Vorovskaya, Opala, Golygina, and Koshegochek rivers; coho to the Ozernaya river; and sockeye to the Kol river from July to September. An MSC pre-assessment was completed for pink, chum, sockeye and coho salmon returning to these rivers in 2014 (excluding Ozernaya sockeye which were already MSC certified). A portion of the fishery (pink and chum salmon returning to the Vorovskaya, Kol, Opala, Golygina, Koshegochek, and Ozernaya rivers, as well as coho salmon to the Kol River) entered full MSC assessment in March 2015 and got certified in September 2016.

The fishery has been managed for region-wide escapement goals, and catches have remained high in recent years. There are no hatcheries on the rivers under assessment/certification. Kamchatka steelhead/rainbow trout is an ETP species that occurs in the area, but there is little information on how many steelhead are caught by the commercial fishery. Chinook salmon are present as well, but their numbers have been low enough to prompt a commercial harvest ban starting in 2010.

FIP Description Update February 2022

In 2018-2019, two more companies, Kamber Co Ltd and Pymta Co Ltd joined the main certificate holders, Vityaz-Avto Co. Ltd and Delta Co Ltd as the new co-sharers of the West Kamchatka Salmon fishery salmon certificate. As a result, two additional UoAs for pink and chum salmon, returning to Pymta River successfully underwent an assessment as part of the scope extension process and were certified in October 2019. The coho and sockeye salmon returning to Pymta and other rivers (excluding Kol coho which were already MSC certified since 2016) were assessed as primary species and did not get certified. 

In 2020, the Vityaz-Avto, Delta, Kamber, Pymta client-group entered the first re-assessment for the West Kamchatka salmon fishery. In July of 2021, six UoAs previously certified, i.e. the Ozernaya River sockeye salmon, pink and chum salmon in the Ozernaya, Opala, Golygina, Koshegochek, Pymta, Kol rivers (Kamchatka-Kuril subzone), pink and chum salmon in Vorovskaya river (Western Kamchatka subzone), and the Kol river coho salmon passed recertification.

Finally, the FIP coho species were included in this assessment. As a result, the FIP coho salmon managed in the Kamchatka-Kuril subzone (Ozernaya, Yavinskaya, Koshegochek, Golygina, Opala and Pymta rivers) successfully passed the certification. However, coho salmon returning to Vorovskaya river and sockeye salmon targeted in this FIP did not gain MSC certification at this time (p. 11, Figure 1. Location of the fishery units of certification in western Kamchatka rivers included are highlighted and underlined of "VA-Delta MSC PCR Revised 12.28.21.pdf"). "Sockeye in western Kamchatka north of the Bolshaya were identified as a minor P2 species due to limited stock assessment data for sockeye in this area" (p. 46, "VA-Delta MSC PCR Revised 12.28.21.pdf"). Therefore, the client-fishery made the decision to complete this FIP for coho species and discontinued the sockeye FIP. It is worth noting, during this reassessment some non-Ozernaya sockeye were identified as inseparable or practically inseparable. According to the Assessment Team at MRAG Americas, "about 90% of the sockeye salmon harvested from marine parcels south of the Opala River have been found to be Ozernaya-bound sockeye" and "thus, sockeye from marine parcels between the Opala and Ozernaya rivers are candidates to be [...] sold as certified" (p. 16, Section 4.4 Eligibility of Inseparable or Practicably Inseparable (IPI) stock(s) ​​​of "VA-Delta MSC PCR Revised 12.28.21.pdf"). The Public Certification Report (PCR) published on MSC in July was revised by MRAG Americas in December 2021 and is now available: VA-Delta MSC PCR Revised 12.28.21.pdf. For any additional information regarding this fishery, please refer to its main MSC profile: https://fisheries.msc.org/en/fisheries/va-delta-kamchatka-salmon-fisheries/@@assessments

The Vityaz-Avto and Delta West Kamchatka salmon fishery is located on the western coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia. The fishery area includes the northern portion of the Kamchatka-Kuril fishery subzone (05.4) and the southern portion of the Western Kamchatka subzone (05.2). This FIP, initiated in 2015 covered coastal trap nets and in-river beach seines harvest methods used by the fishers to catch coho and sockeye salmon returning to the Vorovskaya, Opala, Golygina, and Koshegochek rivers; coho to the Ozernaya river; and sockeye to the Kol river from July to September.

FIP at a Glance

View current status
January 01, 2014
57% 39% 4%
Progress Rating (A) Advanced Progress

Reserved for comprehensive FIPs that have achieved a Stage 4 or 5 result within the past 12 months.

(B) Good Progress

A basic FIP that has achieved a Stage 4 or 5 result within 12 months.

(C) Some Recent Progress
  • A FIP that has achieved a Stage 4 or 5 result in more than 12 (but less than 24) months AND has reported a Stage 3 activity within the past six months.
  • A FIP younger than 12 months that has never achieved a Stage 4 or 5 result but has reported a Stage 3 activity within the first 12 months.
(D) Some Past Progress
  • A FIP that has achieved a Stage 4 or 5 result in more than 12 (but less than 24) months BUT has not reported a Stage 3 activity within the past six months.
  • A FIP for which the most recent Stage 4 or 5 result is more than 24 (but less than 36) months old AND a Stage 3 activity has been reported within six months.
  • A FIP 12-36 months old that has never reported a Stage 4 or 5 result AND has reported a Stage 3 activity within the past six months.
(E) Negligible Progress
  • A FIP for which the most recent Stage 4 or 5 result is more than 24 (but less than 36) months old, with no Stage 3 activity reported in the last six months.
  • A FIP younger than 12 months with no Stage 3 activity reported within 12 months.
  • A FIP 12-36 months old that has never reported a Stage 4 or 5 result AND has not reported a Stage 3 activity within the past six months.

The ratings are currently derived by SFP from publicly available data on FIP websites, including FisheryProgress.org, and are determined using the following methodology: View PDF

Not yet available
Actions Complete

This pie chart represents completed environmental actions. Non-completed environmental actions may contain completed sub-tasks that are not illustrated here. For more information on environmental action progress visit the Actions Progress tab.

  • Complete
  • Incomplete
Target End Date
Dec 2021
Additional Impacts:
IUU

FIP Leads

Organization Name 
ForSea Solutions LLC
Organization Type 
Consultant
Primary Contact 
Natasha Novikova
Phone 
19713319612
FIP Identification Number The FIP Identification Number is automatically generated by FisheryProgress when a FIP profile is created. While the number itself is not meaningful, they are used by NGOs, academia, and industry to refer to FIPs in a consistent way.
67
Subscribe to Trap Net